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Chief Editor: Ronald F. Abler - Associate Editor: Markku Löytönen - Editors: Giuliano Bellezza, Woo-ik Yu Managing Editor: Giuliano Bellezza- Publisher: Home of Geography This issue is circulated to more than 1000 individuals and bodies.Announcements, information, calls for participation in scientific events, programmes and projects, are welcome. Please send them to g,bellezza@homeofgeography.org Contents of this Issue
5.1) Marthandam Tamil Nadu), International Conference on Land use cover change, Biodiversity, Climate Change
1) Message of Ron Abler, IGU President I am deeply grateful for the confidence and trust my election as President of the International Geographical Union represents. The honor that has been done me is considerable. I am humbled to have been entrusted with the leadership of one of the oldest international scientific societies in the world. Though the IGU itself was formally organized only in 1922, our congresses and conferences stretch back to 1871, and the list of the Union's accomplishments over the intervening 137 years is long and distinguished. The weight of the IGU's longevity, as well as its recent history, lie heavy on my mind these days for several reasons. First, it would be disingenuous to say that I am not pleased and even a little proud, to have been chosen as IGU President. At the same time, I am deeply saddened at the prospect of not seeing my colleagues on the outgoing IGU Executive Committee as often as I have over the last eight or twelve years. Second, when the 2004-2008 executive committee began its work, we were all buoyed by Adalberto Vallega's plans and his enthusiasm for the tasks ahead. The untimely deaths of both Nikita Glazovsky in 2005 and Adalberto in 2006 introduced into our group a sadness that lingers, and that will continue to haunt us. Third, it was my profound hope that the individual who would write these remarks would be 2004-2008 IGU First Vice President José Palacio-Prieto. The IGU would have benefitted greatly from being led by someone with José's executive skills and with his contacts with Latin American geographers. Certainly one of the 2008-2012 executive committee's priorities must be improved contacts with the Latin America community of geographers, and we hope that progress toward reaching that goal will be aided by the planned 2011 Regional Conference in Santiago, Chile. Offsetting my wistfulness at separation from old friends and José's inability to continue, of course, is the excitement of welcoming a large number of new members to the IGU Executive Committee. The incoming vice presidents from Australia, China-Beijing, Germany, Israel, Italy, Mexico, and South Africa, coupled with the pleasure of working with continuing members from Finland, Russia, and South Korea, is exhilarating. The new executive had a brief meeting in Tunis, and everyone is eager to start addressing the challenges the IGU faces today and over the next four years, starting with the committee's first regular meeting in Seoul in November. The executive committee members' individual priorities for the IGU for the next few years are set out in their respective statements submitted to the members of the IGU General Assembly prior to the election in Tunis. We also received a number of valuable suggestions from the national committee chairpersons who attended the Tunis General Assembly, and from a recent solicitation sent to the chairpersons of IGU National Committees, Commissions, and Task Forces. The focus of the executive committee's meeting in November will be on sifting and synthesizing these suggestions to select a limited number of goals and sound strategies for achieving those goals by 2012. The IGU can best enhance geography's stature in international science by doing a few things well rather than many things only adequately. I strongly believe that the IGU must reserve its limited energies for projects that are essential to global geography and for which IGU possesses a strong comparative advantage. In closing, I wish to express my deep appreciation to the outgoing members of the IGU Executive Committee for their selfless and tireless work on behalf of the union since 1996 and 2000. The IGU is greatly in their debt for their many contributions. On behalf of those who participated, I also thank our Tunisian hosts and the people of Tunisia for the warm welcome we received in Tunis. Finally, queries and suggestions from members of the IGU community are always welcome. I hope to hear from many of you in the months and years ahead. Ron Abler, President e-mail:rabler@aag.org 2) Message of Giuliano Bellezza, Home of Geography Director The IGU new EC elected in Tunis on 13.14 August met for the first time on the following day (15 August); several members were absent, so we could only welcome the proposal of the General Secretary Woo-ik Yu to host in Seoul the second one. In fact this will be the first with a previous Agenda to be discussed. After some e-mail exchanges, the final decision has been the next 11-13 November, in Seoul. As is probably known, I have been one of the elected Vice Presidents, and this will surely produce some changes in the Home of Geography organisation. In this issue, the first argument to be discussed relates to the opportunity for a single person to be in the same time IGU Vice President and Director of the Home. Going back to the history of the Home, from 2000 through 2005 Anne Buttimer has been President of both entities, but in 2004 Adalberto Vallega, once elected in Glasgow as IGU President, didn't want to have any position in the Home. By my part, I can say that being double President has been no hindrance at all for Anne Buttimer, who has always been very active in providing me with suggestions and help (as she did all the same with the former Home' Director). Surely many people will maintain reasonable doubt about the opportunity of holding both positions, if only for the mere fact that my opinion can influence somehow the next EC's decision about the Home. Given all this, it is very likely that this communication is going to be my last one as Director of the Home. So, please, forgive me because this time I cannot say too much about my future projects: I will surely accept whatever task the new EC will assign to me, but I don't know at all of what kind they will be. Therefore, in a few weeks I will probably leave the work which absorbed the major part, if not all of my strengths during the past 5 years. My research activity has been limited to the participation in a big project of my University Department (in Cappadocia Turkey), but is a long time project, whose results will not be printed before 2010; moreover I did some surveys', in Satellite imagines more than in the field, along political borders, and this allowed me to present two papers in two Conferences in India: not very much, I should admit. I have no regret at all about the strong slowdown in my researches, as from 2004 to 2006 I have been very close to Adalberto Vallega. as his best friend more than collaborator during the last two years of his life. This has been necessary in order to accomplish with his ideas, as he wanted the Home to improve its tasks: to mention but a couple of issues, the Home was entrusted with producing a much better website and starting the diffusion of a quarterly e-newsletter to be diffused not only to the IGU Corresponding Members, but to any person (whether geographer or not) willing to be informed. He deemed this necessary, as it was very difficult for IGU to diffuse yearly the official paper Bulletin. Moreover, he wanted the Home as a centre organising and inviting people about new projects. He launched two programs, known as Cultures and Civilisations for Human Development (CCHD) and Mediterranean Renaissance Project (MRP). While the CCHD was a worldwide endeavour, the MRP could be seen as the field of practical research for the Mediterranean Regional Network (and the hope was that other Regional Networks also would have organised similar researches plans on their own regions). He appointed a Steering Committee for CCHD and MRP: for the first we held a Meeting and a Workshop in the Home of Geography in October and December 2005, while the MRP held its first Meeting in Cairo in April 2006. Before the end of the year, after his untimely demise, I try to push forward these projects, with the help of the members of the Steering Committees: a good work has been done under the leadership of Benno Werlen (CCHD) and Mahmoud Ashour (MRP), and eventually the state of the art was exposed in the Tunis Congress. In October, Prof. Maria Paradiso, Secretary of the MRP, following a decision of the Steering Committee, submitted a request to join the Euro Mediterranean University (EMUNI) located in Slovenia. EMUNI is a promising project for scientific and educational cooperation in the Mediterranean, one of the big projects of the new EU policy for the Mediterranean, initiated by the French Premier Sarkozy, potentially driving MRP into a 'club' linked to the EU research and educational programs. EMUNI replied positively and MRP joined and signed EMUNI Charter as a co-founder member. Beside the activity for the last Vallega's projects, I followed in updating the Home website, regularly producing the e-newsletter and organizing in the Home some other meetings and workshop. It's worth noticing that some of these were requested by non geographic scientific entities. During the past months, the Società Geografica Italiana and the IGU National Committee of Italy discussed about the future of the Home, and a document was presented to the General Assembly in Tunis Congress. I widely contributed to the text, of course, and I conclude including a shortened version of the document in this message of mine: a sort of legacy for the future Celimontana Committee. You will not find a report about the CCHD, as this project is now in the hands of Prof. Benno Werlen, Chair of the IGU Commission on The Cultural Approach in Geography. THE HOME OF GEOGRAPHY - PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES (July 2008) In recent years the role of Home of Geography, in spite of the difficult financial conditions and lack of a definition for an explicit strategy at the core of I.G.U., did improve. Work proceeded on such projects as coordinating Archives, assisting various scientific events promoted by numerous international organizations (ICSU, IYPE, ERODOTE, etc), welcoming visitors, publishing books and - above all - distributing information concerning I.G.U. activities, accompanying the current Secretariat. In order to redefine an outline wherein the relationship between I.G.U. and Home of Geography are clarified once and for all, we are submitting a possible strategic plan centred upon four different lines of action wishing to upgrade not only Home of Geography, but I.G.U. activities on the whole.In recent years the role of Home of Geography, in spite of the difficult financial conditions and lack of a definition for an explicit strategy at the core of I.G.U., did improve. Work proceeded on such projects as coordinating Archives, assisting various scientific events promoted by numerous international organizations (ICSU, IYPE, ERODOTE, etc), welcoming visitors, publishing books and - above all - distributing information concerning I.G.U. activities, accompanying the current Secretariat. Planning Outline 1 - I.G.U. Storage, research resource Home of Geography as a Documentation Centre Ever since its beginning, there has always been among Home of Geography's primary functions, that of gathering scientific documentation, dispersed for decades between various Secretariats and Commissions. We are dealing with material of great interest for I.G.U.'s history as well as for research in many other fields covered by the work of the Commissions. The material is available for scholars coming to the Home (hosted by the Società Geografica Italiana, in Roma, Villa Celimontana), but our goal is to make it easily available at any distance, in digitalized form, upon request. In the mean time, a principle of exclusive digital conservation is now being set up. As far as Commissions and Task Forces are concerned, I.G.U. should plan on the obligation, at the head of their respective Chairs, to make sure that all scientific material produced be submitted to Home of Geography, which, in turn, will post it on line (which would not be in conflict with the existence of a website specific to the single Commissions). It would be necessary that I.G.U. sensitizes the single Commissions even more to convey scientific results obtained in their entirety, when still in progress. History of Geographic Thought Multimedial Archives Home of Geography also has in its possession, essentially thanks to Anne Buttimer's inestimable work, a series of taped and filmed interviews of several of the 20th century's most illustrious geographers. Starting with the careful consideration that the history of geographic thought must be, by definition, solidly bound to the thought of geographers, Home of Geography would put a "live" Archive of data that is already available (as well as that which will be gradually collected) into operation. It being understood that the objective of making all data available directly on line at the Home of Geography internet site, by way of streaming technology, should suitable economic resources be lacking, all material would be digitalised and put at the public's disposal through free downloading from already existing systems such as You Tube or Google Video. This would make all information very practicable by way of the Home of Geography internet site and links equipped with in-depth analysis. Within the framework of a broader collaboration with Google, it would be possible to presuppose a section of one of these two portals dedicated exclusively to geography and geographers (a space that would act as a sort of virtual museum). Planning Outline 2 - GEO-GATEWAY Home of Geography should be a "service organisation" for geographers all over the world. Offering the community of geographers innovative services that can contribute to the creation of a geographic network instrumental to the progress of this discipline is one of Home of Geography's outstanding duties. GEO-GATEWAY is a project that aims to put the research of geographers from all over the world "into a network" as well as "on the net", aiding the diffusion of results and scientific cooperation, by way of easy-to-consult, well known scientific publications. It would be set up as a virtual merging point of information relative to scientific geographic production: a reliable and specialised place - since it would be safeguarded by Home of Geography and I.G.U. The way it works is rather simple, similar to that which has proven to be remarkably efficient in popular information sharing examples available on the internet (YouTube, Flickr, Facebook, Wikipedia etc). GEO-GATEWAY gathers abstracts of articles and book indexes, granting anybody an opportunity to carry out full text research by keywords, geographic terms of reference and other pertinent information from available material. The information to insert and share on line would be proposed by the interested individuals themselves. GEO-GATEWAY would therefore meet the direct interest that every researcher (as well as publishing houses, specialised magazines, university departments, etc) has for the maximum diffusion of his or her work, meeting the interests of every scholar to be kept informed and up to date on the publications of his or her sphere. Access to the material collected and shared is free and gratis. Every document submitted to GEO-GATEWAY to be shared will be presented by the proponent in its original language as well as in English and/or French. If compared to what has already been made available by various publishers, GEO-GATEWAY holds the advantage of representing a unique and centralised "place" for geographic research. It is a matter of being a valuable feature for big publishing houses (such as Blackwell, Elsevier, Kluwer, Sage , Taylor & Francis, etc) that often, because of their extremely vast and multi-disciplinary production, find it impossible to reach geographers directly through their websites. Without going excessively into operational detail, it is useful, in any case, to briefly list some of the functioning elements:
Planning Outline 3 - Mediterranean Renaissance Our location in Rome explains why one of goal is to develop and enhance geographic vision on the Mediterranean; in a framework that already sees numerous active specialised centres, it is important to pay close attention to the legitimacy of the proposal, avoiding generic programmes and putting forward a proposal that is based upon the singularities of geographic discipline (place, territory, scale are the arguments which really matter). In order to do this, the project must put forth limited objectives that are ambitious at the same time, involving people and institutes based on their actual scientific value. This proposal could be articulated on two, closely connected levels: a) Specialised Seminars 4-5 seminars to be organised every six months, to be held at Home of Geography, planning the participation of 5-6 speakers chosen among illustrious experts on the theme and attended to by a member of the scientific committee. It would be opportune to include the publication of a series of instant-books into these seminars. The following is a possible proposal of topics (and already involved scholars):
B) Research Programme A restricted number of research programmes, closely related to seminar activities, should be established, in which researchers from both shores of the basin would participate. We envision three plausible basic themes: 1. A cosmopolitan city The topic could be approached by interacting economic themes with cultural and social ones, an overview of the present and one of the past, breaking it down in the following manner:
(members from the southern side of the Basin still need to be selected) 2. Travel Theory and Practice in the Mediterranean For tourism, the Mediterranean Basin represents not only the "region" with the most consistent flow as well as the most typological and impact diversifications, but also a sort of laboratory space in which new and unusual forms of cultural "contact" and identity are incessantly negotiated. In fact, ideas, things, people, theories and practices voyage across the Mediterranean's real and metaphoric space along with the tourist. What we are proposing to realise with this project is the formation of an observatory dedicated to a "critical" analysis of tourism in the Mediterranean that would be capable of drawing on (and possibly creating a dialogue with) these two traditions of research. Home of Geography would appear to be the natural choice, in this sense, to carry out a project of this kind. The project is initially divided into three key moments which should create the conditions to subsequently elaborate a research programme with a wide international scope that would be capable of presenting itself as an excellent arena for thoughtful consideration of the Mediterranean: 1. the creation of an international 1-day workshop (held at Home of Geography) with the title: "Critical Tourism Studies and the Mediterranean Lesson", coordinated by professor Claudio Minca of the University of London, aiming to a debate between scholars of international fame from the Anglo-Saxon world and experts on the employed in other academic contexts; 2. the workshop would serve the purpose of mapping out the progress of the critical tourism studies and selecting contact points as well as a possible creative and analytical fusion of these with the so-called Mediterranean studies. Results of this observation would be transcribed in a 'special issue' hosted by an international geographic magazine and /or in a collective volume in English, to be published with an English publishing house; 3. the third phase is the one that must allow for an assessment of the results attained thanks to the workshop and publications, and decide the opportunity and conditions to launch an extensive project on "The Culture of Travel and Modernity in the Mediterranean". 3. Mediterranean Knowledge The goal is to rethink the competitiveness of the skills and know how embedded along the two coasts of the Basin in a context of increasing globalisation of value and merchandise chains, rethinking the relationship between handicraft, industry and territory. The central hub resides in the singularities - actual and potential - that the relationships between the global scale and Mediterranean scale possess, in reference to rooting, competitiveness, reproduction and internationalisation of Euro-Mediterranean productive traditions. The question here is a double one: 1. What role could a re-defining of processes, practices and politics within the Euro-Mediterranean scale have to sustain the competitiveness of these productive traditions threatened by production and consumption globalisation? 2. What roles could local productive systems in the North and South of the basin have to aid the re-launch of the Euromediterranean Partnership? Work on this project would take shape with the creation of a workshop held at Home of Geography in this case as well. The workshop would be coordinated by Professor P. Giaccaria of the Università di Torino. Planning Outline 4 - Organisation The director of Home of Geography should be joined by young researchers appointed by the "Celimontana Committee" (3-5) who would collaborate on all Home activities. They would offer their services free of charge, for the sole purpose of the opportunity to collaborate in an "atmosphere" that is very open to international perspective. These researchers would be given an honorary title within the structure of the Home (for example Research Officer, Scientific Officer, Senior Scientific Officer), which would be beneficial to their résumés. Specific assignments could be given to these co-workers, under the responsibility of the director. For example:
3) Report from IGU International Congress, Tunis 12-15 August 2008 Some weeks before the opening of the Congress organizers were worrisome, as the participants seemed to be not too many. But since 11th August the registration office was flooded with people asking for last minute enrolment, leading to a final attendance of 1200 participants.
José Luis Palacio Prieto speaks during the Opening Session Acting President José Luis Palacio Prieto gave the opening address, which concluded with the award given to young students winners of the Geography Olympiad. As it happened in the last edition, Eastern Europe students won the equipe prize with Romania and had a very good results in the best qualified, But it has been a very young Japanese to get the first prize.
José Luis Palacio Prieto awards the winner of the Olympiad During the General Assembly held on 13 and 14 August the new IGU Executive Committee was elected. 43 Countries expressed their votes, with the following results: The new President, who obtained 37 votes, is Ron Abler (USA, who had been a Vice President for the preceeding 8 years. For the position of Secretary General, there was only one candidate, Woo-ik Yu (Southern Korea, who was already serving as such since January 2007: he was elected with 41 votes. There were 19th scholars candidate for the 8 Vice President positions, and the first eight elected by the Assembly have been:
The first has been the nomination of the scholars awarded with the Laureat d'Honneur Prize, who were:
IGU President Ron Abler speaks during the presentation of the newly awarded Laureat d'Honneur One important ceremony has been organized, because for the first time the Mattei Dogan Foundation Prize was to be given to a gepgrapher. In recognition of his exceptional scholarly achievements in international Human Geography, the award was conferred to Herman van der Wusten, Emeritus Professor in the University of Amsterdam and representative of the Dutch school of Geography. After the closing address has been given, but the real closure was the delivery of the metaphoric relay baton (in fact an IGU flag) which the Tunisian Organizing Committee passed to the German organizers of the next Congress, in Köln 2012.
Adnane Hayder, President of the Tunisian Organizing Committee, delivers the IGU flag to the German Organizers, Frauke Kaas and Dietrich Soyez 4) Tel Aviv Regional Conference 2010
Click on the logo to reach www.igu2010.com All IGU commissions were asked to share with the conference organizers their plans, as far as the timing of their meetings is concerned (before, during or after the main conference). Commissions were further asked to make sure that they secured a local organizer in Israel. In addition, all those who intend to attend the conference were asked to fill out the intention form, available, jointly with the first circular, at the conference website: http://www.igu2010.com. The second circular is planned for June 2009, and it will include, as usual, full registration and hotel information, as well as details on the special pre-conference graduate course on Mediterraneity, which will take place at the University of Haifa. A large variety of field trips will be offered to all conference attendees. Best wishes, Aharon Kellerman Chair, Israeli National Geography Committee
5) Reports from Conferences and Meetings 5.1) Marthandam Tamil Nadu), International Conference on Land use cover change, Biodiversity, Climate Change The Conference has been organised by the Departments of Botany, Tourism and Physics of the Manmonian Sundaranar University Tirunelveli, in the Nesamony Memorial Christian College of Marthandam. The small nice town, second of the Kanyakumari District, is located only 40 km from the Cape Comorin, southernmost tip of the Indian subcontinent, and the participants received a wonderful hospitality.
Prof. Devakumar Samuel speaks during the Opening Ceremony In the centre, Rev. G. Deva Kadasham, Bishop Kanyakumari District, Church of Southern India During the Opening Ceremony all participants didn't receive some photocopies of the program, but a printed book containing full information about the various Sessions, with the name of the speakers and the abstracts of the papers to be presented; soon after the works went on smoothly, in a remarkable respect of time. The Presiding Address of Bishop of Kanyakumari District, Rev. G. Deva Kadasham, was highly appreciated, being not limited to usual wishes for a good and fruitful work; he really wanted to enter in the Agenda, speaking with competence about the land use changes, not always done in a proper way, not respecting the conditions of soil and workers. but aiming only to the growth of the personal economic profit. The Plenary Session followed, with lectures given by scholars of the National Association of Indian Geographers, of several Indian Universities as Delhi, Aligarh, Bhopal, of foreign Contriies such as Indonesia, Bangladesh, Italy and Finland and members of the IGU Commissions on Land Use & Land Cover Change and on Biogeography & Biodiversity. The scientific Sessions began in the afternoon, when in two different rooms were hosted 4 Sessions, two dedicated to Land Use Change and the others to Biodiversity and to Climate Change. The following day 6 more Sessions were held, three of them dedicated to Land Use Change, one more to Climate Change and the last two to Tourism Development and to Land Use & Environmental Change, with Application of Remote Sensing and GIS. There were 12-13 papers to be presented in each Session, and as it normally happens some person couldn't be present, while other were last minute presentation. In total, nearly 100 papers were presented and discussed. The participation has been near to 15 persons, stressing the very important success of the Conference. The hospitality was not limited only to the tea breaks and lunches: a special mention should be paid to the wonderful Cultural Program offered the night of 6th October, with a show of traditional and modern dances, songs, music and cabaret numbers, all performed by students and graduates of the University, under the Direction of their teachers.
Traditional dances: left Guru Natya Vidushi, right students of the University The Program was Cultural on a wide sense, because after the show a delicious dinner was served, offering many different dishes mainly of local cuisine. The success of the Conference was exposed by the Reporters or the Chairs of every Session, who spoke in the opening of the Valedictorian Ceremony, before the closing addresses given by the Principal and Vice-Principal of the University, the Correspondent, the Co-conveners, the Organizing Secretary and two Foreign Participants.
Prof. R. B. Singh takes the word during the Valedictorian Session Post Conference Field Trip A field trip followed the Conference, from 7 through 10 October , starting from Marthandam and entering in Kerala after few km. In some hours the coach followed the coastal highway northbound, until the region of the Backwaters: a flat humid coastal plain between Alappuzha and Kochi. Many rivers end here their course in estuaries, subject to the sea tides: all the plain is rich of swamps of brackish water.
Life in the backwater At lunch time the participants took a boat and started for a cruiser on one of the largest coastal lake. In the afternoon some particular islands were visited, where the paddy fields lye between 1 to 2 metres lower than the near water table, sheltered by well cared ridges all along the coast. At sunset the lake was crowded with canoes, with fishermen paddling to come back home with their catch, while other where in the same moment going out for their night activity. The morning after we sailed back, encountering the reverted canoes traffic, then starting again from Alappuzha toward the Western Gaths: of course, the landscape here is the opposite of a coastal plains. We took a narrow winding road , well above 1200 metres, between tea plantations, eventually arriving to Tekkhady and the nearby Periyar Tiger Reserve (tigers are really reserved: as usually happens, it has been impossible to see but one).
Entrance to Periyar Reserve (left) - Beach near the Vely Park (right) Since some years the capital of Kerala abandoned the western name of Trivandrum, to take again the old tamil one of Thiruvanatapuram. We arrive there rather late in the night, so the following day nobody blame as the day was dedicated to the Vely sea park, and in the afternoon after a visit to the acquarium near Kowalam, we visited the crowded beach of this small town, considered as the best in the vicinity of Thiruvanantapuram, where the three-days field trip ended.
Fishermen pulling fisher net ashore (left) - Kowalam beach (right) Paper presented by G. Bellezza in the Plenary Session;, Geography, Geomatics, Culture This paper is a follow up of the one I presented in Hyderabad, during the first International Congress of the National Association of Indian Geographers (it can be seen and downloaded from IGU-Home of Geography E-Newsletter #6, under the title "Is it possible to see intangible culture in the land?). In that occasion I tried to answer to the question "Does Culture appears in Satellite Images?", and commenting the image my answer was "yes, it is". My positive answer can be seen in the comment to the photo #3 of the aforementioned paper. Briefly, in an imagine along the Canada-USA border (49° parallel N) was clearly seen not only that the territorial organization is different in the two States, but that this organization was influenced by the uses and habits of the French and British colonizers: the land properties were organized in the first case with long stripes, while squares were the only figure appearing in the second. So I went on examining all the Canada-USA border, with the help of Google Earth, and I could make many new observations. Today the opening question of my paper is: "Does Cultures influence land cover organization ?". I had to change my first, too simple, conclusion: it always happens when we observe the results of human action. Let's see the first image, taken in the eastern part of the two States, where English and French colonization began.
So I arrived to the third question: "Does reciprocal cultures influence economy and land cover organization?". The right border to look for an answer starts from the second photo I showed in Hyderabad, and published in the IGU-Home e-Newsletter #6. A Landsat image of the early '70s showed that the "industrial" US, north of the border, were largely cultivated, while no vegetation appeared on the southern side, in the "agricultural" Mexico. The explanation was simple, more economical than cultural: on the southern edge of the border thousands of Mexican braceros (unemployed countrymen, searching works of any kind) were waiting the right moment to illegally cross the border, to find an irregular work in the fields; they were earning a pittance of pay, on US standards, but nevertheless this was much higher than the normal Mexican one. The bonanza couldn't last more than some months, before being discovered and forcibly sent back to Mexico, but saving a good amount of money in the pocket. After some days it was time to go once more near the border, waiting for the good moment to cross it again. Some dozens years passed by, and when, still thanks to Google Earth, I made a new "flight" on the border, once again I could read many things the geomaticians usually neglect. Important changes occurred in the time passed, due to the NEFTA Treatise, among USA and many States of Latin America and, even more, to the USA-Mexico agreement about the Empresas maquilladoras. A Maquiladora is a factory that imports materials and equipment on a favored basis for assembly or manufacturing a product, which must soon after be re-exported, usually back to the originating country. Going back in time, the first agreement to allow the Mexican braceros to enter in the USA as temporary workers had been signed during the '40s, due to some scarcity of unskilled workers in the US, where many people were requested in the Army all over the world. In the '50s the USA stopped this kind of migration, but it continued in illegal way, until a new agreement was signed. A Maquiladora. is a factory that imports materials and equipment on a favored basis for assembly or manufacturing a product, which must soon after be re-exported, usually back to the originating country.
In the early '80s Tecate (above) was a little village south of the border, some 45 km from the sea; in a few years it grew to an industrial town, while in the US part of the image we can see only vegetation, not much cultivated. This is but one among the best examples of the land cover and organization changes along this border.
There are now some cultivation west of the city, but compare the order of the fields: always geometrically oriented in the grid system of the US, while in the Mexican side we see some geometrical tendency, but more influenced by fantasy. Here the land cover and use changes are very influenced by both economy and culture.
Until now the lecture of the images showed some changes, all of them rather easily explained by my alphabet knowledge; but in the next figure I found something unexpected. It is in an anonymous location, about 800 km from the Pacific coast, but only 460 from the Bay of Baja California.
And here comes the most important lesson for a geographer. What we have seen is an as interesting as easy way to look at the world and, based on the known alphabets, we can make intelligent observations and hypothesis. But we should be very aware of the risk to make trivial mistakes: we will never know what is going on in some territories unless we go there, and spend the due time seeing with our eyes and speaking with the people, trying to learn their culture, so to read with their interpretative alphabets. Now look at the next figures: the time has arrived when the speaker should give space to the audience. Please, use all of your attention, because you know the next local alphabets far better than I will ever do. All these images show territories along the boundary between India and Pakistan, and more precisely a part of the political border between the two Punjab.
The second image between Punjabs (below) shows the same characteristics: land totally cultivated in India, plain desert in Pakistan, but the general aspect seems to be different between the two images. You probably know that in Google Earth it usually appears the date of the survey, which is updated when a new image is available. The first image was realized in 2003, when the field were fully covered by the ripening crops; the second, distant some 18 km, was taken four months later, after the harvest (and here also the border is marked with an error of about 200 metres).
So, now I finish, leaving the floor to you, with a strong desire: I wish that some young Indian geographer, after a survey in Google Earth (or similar software), will go on the field, to see and speak to the people. I am longing to read the results of a field survey about the different land use and changes along the border of the two Punjabs (and along all the India boundaries), with special attention to the human settlements. This is what geographers should do: practical surveys and, if necessary, give suggestions to modify the land use and cover, thus showing the wide possibility of the professional geographers in improving the men-environment relations.
6) Professor Emeritus Ming-ko Woo awarded by the Canadian Geophysical Union's Former Vice-chair of the Commission, Professor Emeritus Ming-ko (Hok) Woo is the 2008 recipient of the Canadian Geophysical Union's prestigious J. Tuzo Wilson Medal. Professor Woo is only the second hydrologist to win this award. Hok has bridged three main areas of hydrology: the hydrology of cold regions, the hydrology of wetland ecosystems, and stochastic and statistical hydrology. In addition, he has made a significant contribution in applying hydrology and fluvial geomorphology in developing areas of the world such as Nigeria and China.
His research has focused on understanding the principles of catchment, hillslope and wetland hydrology as well as assessing changes in hydrological systems by environmental stressors such as climate variability and human modification to the landscape. Throughout his career, he has combined empirical, experimental and observational studies with both deterministic and stochastic modelling. His research and leadership have inspired generations of geoscientists in various universities and governments in Canada. Woo is known first and foremost for his contributions to cold region hydrology. Much of his research took place near Resolute, NWT where a river now officially bears the name McMaster River. More recently, he was the program leader of the MAGS project, which consisted of a Canadian team of more than 80 scientists and engineers in the fields of atmospheric, earth and hydrologic sciences who studied how climate change and variability affects ice and snow dynamics and water resources in the Mackenzie River Basin. The Canadian Geophysical Union has also honoured him by creating an annual lecture series in hydrology and his alma mater, McMaster University, is honouring him by introducing the Woo Water Lecture Series from autumn 2008. Professor Woo was Vice-chair of the IGU Commission C08-34: Water Sustainability (and of the preceding Study Group from 1998 to 2007). He remains a very active member of the Steering Committee. As Managing Editor of this e-Newsletter, I like to remind that he has also been one of the Editors of the Volume VII of the Home of Geography Publications Series, Managing Water Resources in a changing Physical and Social Environment. For more accolades, see the McMaster Daily News entry at: http://dailynews.mcmaster.ca/story.cfm?id=5425
HOME OF GEOGRAPHY UPDATE Home of Geography Publications Series: Sale (A 10% discount will be applied when ordering 2 books, and 15% when ordering 3 books or more) Vol I - Human Mobility in a Borderless World (2002) and Vol II - Food and Environment - Geographies of Taste )2002): OUT OF PRINT Vol III - Rights to the City (EU: € 18 / non-EU: € 24) Vol IV - The New Geography of Human Mobility - Inequality Trends (EU: € 20 / non-EU: € 26) Vol V - Migrations in Europe - The Four Last Decades (EU: € 13 / non-EU: € 19) Vol VI - Gendered Cities: Identities, Activities, Networks - A Life-course Approach (EU: € 20 / non-EU: € 26) Vol VII - Managing Water Resources in a Changing Physical and Social Environment (EU: € 18 / non-EU: € 24) Vol VIII - Migration in a new Europe: Peoples, Borders and Trajectories (2007) Eds: T. van Naerssen and M. van der Velde.(EU: € 18 / non-EU: € 24) To obtain copies of the volumes, please contact Giuliano Bellezza at: g.bellezza@homeofgeography.org. Payment can be made directly by bank transfer, while to pay by Visa or Mastercard you should ask the IGU Secretary General and Treasurer. Brief presentation of the available books: Vol III - Rights to the City (2005) Eds: D Wastl-Water, L. Staeheli & L. Dowler The third volume in the Home of Geography Publication Series includes the presentations held at the "Rights to the City" conference of the IGU Commissions on Geography and Public Policy and Political Geography, which was held in Rome, from 29th May - 1st June, 2002. The 30 contributions of scholars from multiple disciplines interested in questions of governance, justice and rights in urban areas around the world discuss the following proposition: contemporary changes in economies and governance are creating increased inequality leading to a retrenchment of rights. Social groups within cities differentially experience the effects of these changes. The volume tentatively offers the following themes as foci of discussion: Evaluation of urban social, economic and political trends; Evaluation of competing theories and conceptualisations of justice and rights; Changing governance structures; New political movements, sites, and agents; Differential access to spaces of the city; New scalar linkages that change the relationships between cities, states and the international scale. Vol IV - The New Geography of Human Mobility - Inequality Trends (2003) Eds: Y. Ishikawa & A. Montanari In post-industrial society, mobility in the working and leisure related activities tends to take on subtle differences as far as place of work, free time, recreation, training and continuing education are concerned. Human mobility is sensitive to change in the organisational plan and logistics of a model which is mainly concerned with demand. The concentration of mobility flows occurs as a result of the devolution of production centres and the consumption of these products is the determining component of mobility, whereas in the past traditional political-administrative boundary trends were the factors which determined mobility. Inequality in human mobility is considered from the point of view of the divide between developed and developing countries, the unskilled/skilled perspective, and the relationships between internal and international flows. The fourth volume in the Home of Geography Publication series assembles the research carried out by the IGU Commission on Global Change and Human Mobility during meetings organised in three locations that are particularly significant for human mobility: California, where the metaphor "melting pot" has been replaced by the term "cauldron"; South Africa, during an IGU Regional Conference, whose position enabled the participation of many geographers from developing countries; and Mongolia, where migratory flows have until today continued to modify the ethnic and cultural map of the region. Vol V - Migrations in Europe - The Four Last Decades (2004) Eds: C. Vandermotten, G. Van Hamme, P. Medina Lockhart & B. Wayens The fifth volume of the Home of Geography Publication Series summarises the results of a European research project, founded by the European Commission, on interregional migrations in Europe (MIRE). Starting from the Sixties, the study focuses on the changing causes and the new patterns of interregional migrations, paying special attention to the new waves of migrations and the new trends of the Nineties. The research crosses the geographical patterns with different logics of present-day mobility: ethnic and East European migration to the metropolitan areas, gentrification and migrations of executives, periurbanisation, rurbanisation, weak mobility of the early manufacturing areas, retirement migrations, etc. A specific chapter is devoted to the migratory balances in the Central-Eastern European countries. Vol VI - Gendered Cities: Identities, Activities, Networks - A Life-course Approach (2004) G. Cortesi, F. Cristaldi & J. Droogleever Fortuijn This volume assembles a selection of papers presented at a conference organised by the IGU Commission on Gender and Geography held in Rome at the end of May 2003. The gendered character of urban life and urban structures and the heterogeneous mix of people to be found in cities around the world have always fascinated feminist geographers. Today, the emphasis has shifted towards issues of identities, feelings and experiences. Women are now not primarily seen as "women", but rather as persons with multiple identities in terms of ethnicity, nationality, age, sexual orientation, and ability. The most important achievement of the seminar was the blurring of the boundaries between "first" and "third" world geography, between theory and empiricism, between identity and activity-focused research, and between quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The papers highlight the problems, inequalities and contradictions of women's life in cities. They also clarify at the same time the improvements in the living conditions of women in many cities in terms of visibility, identity, activity, safety and network formation. Cities are highly gendered, but their gendered nature does not always imply subordination, exclusion, deprivation and sadness. Feminist activism and feminist urban research have resulted in some improvements in urban structures, urban life and urban policy from a feminist perspective. Vol VII - Managing Water Resources in a Changing Physical and Social Environment (2007) Eds: P. J. Robinson, J. A. A. Jones & M-K. Woo The seventh volume of the Home of Geography Publication Series refers to water sustainability and water resource issues. Geographers are involved in all aspects of water sustainability and water resource issues, and in an immense variety of ways. The present volume provides only a sampling of the work of geographers and closely allied professionals, but is designed to indicate the range of research activities going on under the general heading of managing water resources in a changing physical and social environment. The geographical scope is wide, and the spatial scales range from individual lakes and reservoirs to whole nations. Topics run the gamut from the ethical underpinning of the work we do through explorations of the physical and chemical processes involved in water moving below, on, and above the surface of the earth, to studies of the roles of individuals and societies in using, mis-using or restoring that water. Approaches adopted range from qualitative discussions through standard statistical and mathematical analysis to complex process modelling. In short, it is a cross section of the kind of work geographers and environmental scientists do when involved with water. The IGU Commission on Water Sustainability is a prime forum for the development and interchange of ideas and information about water, water resources, water sustainability, and related issues. Over the years it has organized a variety of meetings in a diverse number of places, many with specific themes, and from them has come a variety of publications. This book continues that tradition, but in a very different context. Rather than highlight and treat in depth a single issue, this volume celebrates the vast range of activities undertaken by Commission members and associates in addressing the many issues involved in providing safe and sustainable water to societies around the world. Most papers are based on information which was first presented at one of the Commission meetings. Often the objective of the original presentation was to stimulate discussion and to develop strategies for dealing with particular issues. Here we present the results of some of these efforts. Vol VIII - Migrations in a New Europe: Peoples, Borders, Trajectories The enlargement process of the European Union has raised a considerable number of academic, political and public debates about a wide variety of related issues. Perhaps the most controversial debate in this respect concerns the issue of east-west migration after enlargement, equally feared and desired in and by the old EU 15 member states. In the majority of the old EU countries, the enlargement of May 2004 led to a diversity of adaptations and responses to the new situation, in particular temporary restrictions on labour migration from Central and East European countries. It was within this context that a workshop was organised in June 2004 which focused on east-west migration issues as part of the research programme 'Governance and Places' (GaP) of Radboud University Nijmegen. Among the participants who were quantitatively oriented, the focus was on 'positivist' forecasting and impact studies - estimating either flows of migration or their influence on labour markets and/or social welfare systems. Others, positioned within a more qualitative tradition, made use of 'social constructionist' approaches in order to scrutinise the de- and re-bordering of the European Union with regard to migration and mobility. In addition, the workshop highlighted from an academic perspective the problem of borders with respect to migration in the framework of an enlarged European Union. The success of the workshop provided the impetus to revise the core papers and publish them in a book. Four other contributions have been added to the collection of core papers from the aforementioned workshop, among others on Roma migration and sex trafficking. The first 'Global Migration in the Middle East and Eurasia: Security and Human Rights Challenges to Europe' (GLOMIG) workshop, held at the Radboud University in September 2006, provided further insights into migration and borders, leading to the elaboration of a geographical model of migration, borders and trajectories in the final chapter. Finally, the further expansion of the EU in January 2007 and restrictions imposed by EU countries on labour migration from Bulgaria and Romania added urgency to the publication of this book. To download the Newsletter # 14 in .doc format | or in .pdf format |